Underground Egyptian City Within The Grand Canyon
They wanted all of the preparation attainable, for the rapids now came ever thicker, ever quicker, and extra violent. The partitions also grew in altitude from the thirteen hundred feet of the Junction to fifteen hundred ft, then to eighteen hundred toes, almost vertical in locations. Rations were at a low stage, consisting totally, for the previous three weeks, of corn and beans, purchased from the natives, however even on this food plan with out salt the skiff get together, labored its means steadily upward over many rapids via the very good chasm. “No description,” says Ives, “can convey an thought of the various and majestic grandeur of this peerless waterway.
Still farther on he met another man who had been at Cibola, and who additionally informed him of an excellent river by which there were crocodiles. This was the Mississippi, in fact, and the crocodiles were alligators. As Alarçon had by no means seen an alligator he took the outline to mean crocodile. A little farther and he heard of the negro Estevan again and the rationale why the Cibolans had killed him, which was to prevent the Spaniards, whom he described, from discovering their way into the Cibola nation.
H. H. Bancroft gives a map of the route as he understands it, History of the Pacific States, p. 35, vol. Philip Harry gives a condensation in Simpson’s Report, Appendix R., p. 489. These holes are sometimes 10 to fifteen ft deep, with the stones which floor them lying in the bottom. For the author’s views on Coronado’s route see the Bulletin of the American Geographical Society, December, 1897. Those views have been confirmed by later research, the only change being the shifting of Cibola from the Florida Mountains north-westerly to the area of the Gila. To Las Vegas, Nevada,through Beaver Dam, Virgen River, the Muddy, and the desert.
The members had been James S. Best, Harry McDonald, John Hislop, William H. Edwards, Elmer Kane, L. H. Jewell, J. H. Jacobs, A. J. Gregory, and J. Four of these, Hislop, McDonald, Kane, and Edwards had been with Mr. Stanton, to whom I am indebted for this information. In Cataract Canyon one boat was wrecked however no one was lost, and so they made their approach to Lee Ferry with the remaining boat and there deserted the expedition. Bend after bend was turned and left behind, and nonetheless no Crossing, however late in the gay vacations all inclusive afternoon a shot was heard; then we saw a white rag on a pole; then we landed and beheld a big pile of rations, in command of three males. These men, Dodds, Bonnemort, and Riley, as we were days overdue, had about made up their minds we had been lost, and had contemplated departing within the morning and leaving the rations to their destiny. Riley and Bonnemort had been prospectors, who remained only to see us and make some inquiries in regards to the river above.
The softer beds will be cut away sooner than the harder, and the place these underlie the tougher the latter will be undermined and fall. Every canyon is always widening at its top and sides, via the action of rain, frost, and wind, in addition to deepening by way of the motion of its flowing stream. Erosion is this energy which carves away the cliffs, and corrasion the one which saws on the bottom, the latter term, in geological nomenclature, meaning the chopping power of running water. This chopping power varies in accordance with the declivity and the quantity of sediment carried in suspension. It is apparent that a stream having nice declivity will have the power to carry extra sediment than one having little, and in a barren country would all the time be highly charged with sand, which might reduce and scour the mattress of the channel like a grindstone. As Dutton says, a river cuts, nevertheless, solely its own width, the remainder of a canyon being the “work of the forces of abrasion, the wind, frost, and rain.” That is why we have canyons.
It is also clear that if, by some chance, the precipitation of the excessive sources should increase, the corrasion of the stream-beds in the canyons would likewise enhance and outrun with still larger ease the erosion of their immediate surroundings. Where the 2 were nearly the same, that’s, a balance of precipitation, the slopes could be rounded and verdure-clad, although this is ready to rely upon the amount of precipitation. The former canyon-cliffs are covered by débris and vegetation, however in places the old dry cliff-lines could be discerned beneath like a skeleton. The precipitation there has not been nice sufficient to destroy the old lines—only sufficient to masks them. Long ago, no one is conscious of how long, we might have been in a position to buy of the natives who, a number of miles below this camp, had tilled a small piece of arable land in an alcove.